Local Area Network Protocol Standards Information Technology Essay

Local Area Ne iirk Protocol Standards Information Technology EssayLocal ara entanglement referred to a interlock that works inside a building such as office, keep company and home office. LAN argon single-valued functiond in small geographic ara. LAN is capable in beamring data in a very fast speed that target up to 10Mbps in limited engagement distance. thither are two character references of engagement architecture that can be implemented in the local area network, peer-to-peer networking and client- legion networking. The common types of companionships that utilise in LAN are Ethernet and minimal Ring.LAN Standards and Protocols individually network has its avouch rules and standards. thitherfore, protocols are use in network technology to govern the communication surrounded by network and network. in that location are many different kinds of protocols, the most common protocol used in the OSI data link mold in LAN are Ethernet and Token Ring.EthernetEthernet is the most well-known type of local area network that most widely fixed in offices, home offices and companies. The standard of an Ethernet is IEEE 802.3. Ethernet normally are used coaxal occupation and sometimes different grades of twisted-pair strain as the transmission medium.Token RingToken Ring is a network that connects computers in a adept or ring topographic anatomy. It is originally developed by IBM Company. There depart nominate a token ring that passed through the network to allow computers to retrieve the network. The standard for Token Ring network is IEEE 802.5. A token bit will move around the ring from computer to an some other(a) computer. If the computer wants to acquit a data, the data will attach to the token and pass to the next computer. It has to keep passing through computers in the network until it comes to the polish. If the computer doesnt want to spread any data, the token ring will just pass to the next computer.EthernetToken RingAdvantagesCos t EffectiveFlexible to use in flair and bus topologiesSimplicity of installationScalable, support upgradeAllow packets to take turns to transmit, avoid collision.DisadvantagesSystem will down during the heavy traffic in the network. demand proper network planning before installed.Difficult to install.Not damage effective. vindicationAfter comparing both Ethernet and Token Ring, I had chosen Ethernet as the LAN protocol for the network. The very chief(prenominal) reason of employ Ethernet is because of its availability and popularity in todays network system.Secondly, it is simple to install and its scalability support upgrades in future. This is very fundamental for the company as the company is s cashbox developing and probably will be adding more workers in the future.Thirdly, the speed of Ethernet is fast and can support transfer speed from 1Mbps up to 100Mbps.Wide Area Network ( disturbed)Wide area network referred to a network that connecting multiples of LAN network toget her in a wide range. The distance range of a gruesome can be between country and country. A very dependable example of WAN is the Internet.WAN are connected using a router. A router can help to choose the most suitable path for a connection to reach to the destination. WAN are categorised into two main ways which is circuit switching and packet switching.Circuit SwitchingCircuit Switching is a connection will be establish between 2 network nodes before they can start transmitting data.The bandwidth is only dedicated for the particular connection.The connection will be terminated after the data transmission ends.Examples for circuit switching are the teleph nonpareil networks.Packet SwitchingIn packet switching, data is broken up into packets before transmitted to the destination.There is a destination address and sequencing information in every packet.When reaching at destination node, the packets need to be reassembled.JustificationLeased bounds will be used in the proposed netw ork. Leased lines normally are used in private networks. Advantages of using a chartered line is because it is dedicated for private use only, people from other network will not have the chance to get at the leased line. The disadvantage of using leased lines is it is very expensive compare to other WAN standards. Therefore, the transferring speed when connect each office in WAN is very fast and reliable. Leased lines connection is available 24 hours every day. Therefore, it is very suitable toInternet ConnectionIn order of to connect the substance abusers to the Internet in the network, we need to have an net profit connection to access the Internet. In here, I choose Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) for the company.SDSL provides the equal bandwidth for downstream and upstream for the connection. This is very suitable for telephone circuit companies because they have big usage on uploading information to the Internet and also download information from the Internet.Here, we used T1 line which is 1.54Mbps with the SDSL for the internet connection of the company. SDSL will pick out a modem in order to connect to the Internet. The modem will be provided by the local service provider.Networks ArchitecturePeer to peer networkingPeer to peer networking is define as a type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities (About.com, 2010).Small ScalePeer to peer networking is a network architecture which knowing for small scale business that can support 10-15 numbers of users. Therefore, if the company is having a plan to upgrade the network in the future, peer to peer networking definitely is not suitable for the company.Resource SharingSecondly, peer to peer networking doesnt have the ability of sharing files, printers, projectors and etc. Therefore, if the company uses peer to peer networking, they probably have issues on resources sharing.Data RedundancyThirdly, as in terms of peer, means there is no profoundi zed server for the network, each computer works as individual. As a result, it is difficult for user to retrieve data and synchronize data as the data are stored separately at different computers.AdvantagesDisadvantagesNo dedicated administrator.No gage on the networkNo dedicated server required.No centralization on networkEach workstation has individual resources. express mail numbers of user.Cost effectiveToo many passwords to rememberClient-server networkingClient-server describes a type of computer application architecture within network computing that designates tasks between clients that instigate requests and servers that process requests. (E-How.com, 2010)CentralizationIn client-server networking, information are stored in a centralized server and allows ten computers or above to access them and carry on information throughout the network. Centralization also makes the finding of resources easier as all the resources are stored in a centralized server.ScalabilityScalabilit y is also one of the important feature in client-server network. Using this architecture, the network is able to scale to a certain numbers of users and also can expand in the future if needed.SecurityThirdly, security is no more an issue in client-server networking because only qualified user with valid login username and password can access to the system.AdvantagesDisadvantagesScalability can support upgrade.Not cost effective due to the high price of server.Higher efficiency and optimization.Dependability on server. If any point of the server fails, the system will be liner failure.Centralised network, resources, users are control through the server.Need to maintain by high skill technician, hence higher maintenance fees.Flexibility, new technology can be integrated into the network easily.Will be suffering from congestion during heavy traffic.JustificationAfter comparing both peer-to-peer networking and client-server networking, the architecture that would best suits the comp any is client-server networking. Considering the company is still growing and probably having expansion of networking in the future, the number of staffs in the company in the range of 35-40 users, the scalability, flexibility, centralization and security characteristic of client-server network are the best choice.TopologyStar TopologyThe star topology is the most common network topology that most home and office are using. Computer and other devices in star topology are connected to the center and attached on a small device called the central hub. The central hub plays the role of a switch to control the flow from the source machine to the destination machine. The central can either be a hub, router or switch. take TopologyEvery computer and device in this topology will have a dedicated link to each device. They are connected using point-to-point. If a network has n device, then the network will have n (n-1)/2 link connected to each device. coach TopologyBus topology is a network t hat connects all computers in a single back downbone. The backbone functions as a sharing platform where all devices in the network can use the backbone to transfer data.Ring TopologyIn ring topology, computers and devices are connected with the device on the both side of it and forms a ring shape. A signal will be passed along the ring shape in only one direction from one to another till it reaches its destination. The device in the ring topology incorporates with a repeater to regenerate the signal and passed them through the network.TopologyCable MediaAdvantagesDisadvantagesStar move equal lineament OpticEasy to install because of its simplicity.Easy to install, replace or remove computers or other devices during expansionWhen one node fails, it wont affect the other nodes.Fully dependent on the central hub, when the hub fails the whole network will fail.Need a lot of cabling to connect many computers.MeshTwisted Pair homocentricHas dedicated link to each computerEasy to identi fy the fault node.Lack of centralization.Data redundancy at each computer.BusTwisted PairCoaxial fibre OpticLess cabling low-toned costEasy to extendSystem will slow down during heavy network trafficIf the back bone failed, it will affect the whole systemRingTwisted PairEasy in installing or reconfiguringIf one node fails, the whole network will be affectedDifficult to add new nodes to the network.Difficulty in troubleshooting.JustificationIn this assignment, we were asked to determine a suitable topology that the ICT Resources Malaysia Public Limited Company will be need within the office. Therefore, after doing a lot of researches in network topologies, we in conclusion decided to choose star bus hybrid topology as the companys topology. loanblend topologyHybrid topologies basically is a topology which combines two type or more than two types of basic topology and inherits their advantages and make it more powerful and usable compare to using only one type of topology.AdvantagesD isadvantagesHybrid topology are customize designed to meet the requirement of the network.Nodes in the network can be expanded and removed easily.Combines the simplicity and fault gross profit margin from bus and star topologies.Can find out the failed node when a node is not working and carried out diagnostic test without affect the other part of the network.Some specific device in hybrid topology might not suitable to use in other network topology and they become not reusable.Transmission MediumTransmission media allows a connection between dischargeer and receiver. Transmission medium are categorized into two main categories which is guided media and unguided media.Twisted pair cableTwisted pair cable is a type of wire that twists together in pairs. The reason why the cable is being twisted together is to decrease the electromagnetic interference and noise that affect the data transmission along the cable. Twisted pair cable has two different categories, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP).Coaxial CableCoaxial cable is a type of cable that contains a copper conductor in the center. It also has a coat foil layer and braid which both is covered by an outer conductor. The metal foil layer helps to block interference that will affect the cable. The coaxial cable carries a higher frequency signal compares to twisted pair cables. Coaxial cables are categorized by the radio government rating which called the RG numbers.Fiber Optic CableFiber optic cables have glass conductors in its center. Fiber optic cables use light to transmit data instead of using electricity signal. It uses reflection to guide light travels along the channel. Fiber optic has two propagation mode, single mode and multi-mode. Multi-mode has two forms which are step index and graded index.Twisted PairCoaxialFibre OpticFrequency100Hz-5MHz100Khz-500MHzBandwidth4mbps 100mbps10Mbps- 600MbpsUp to 2GbpsAdvantagesReduce noise and cross talksCost effectiveReadily available FlexibleLighter weightiness compare to other media.Easy to installHigher bandwidthLess vulnerable to interference than twisted pairResistance to noiseLess signal attenuationHigher BandwidthDisadvantagesVulnerable to signal distortion.Low bandwidth.Expensive to purchaseBulky compared to twisted pair.Very expensive.Difficulty in installation or maintenanceNeed skillful technician for maintenance.Fragility- Glass roughage inside the cable are easily brokenJustificationUTP and Fibre Optic Cable are chosen for this network. The fibre optic cable will use as the back bone for the Ethernet and the UTP will be used as connecting the machines and devices in the network.The reason fiber optic cables are used as the back bone in Ethernet because it has a very high bandwidth. In bus topology, the bandwidth of the backbone will decrease during heavy traffic therefore if using fiber optic cables, the bandwidth will increase and wont decrease easily. Fiber optic cable is highly security and not affect by electromagnetic interference.For the UTP, its weight is lighter compare to STP because it doesnt have the outer shield. Secondly, it is cost effective than using coaxial cable. Besides that, UTP has high availability in the market. When the cables are broken, reversal cable can be purchased from the market easily. bonifacesFile ServerFile server is a central storage of a network. It provides access control for user to access files, folder in a same network. User can share files and information without physically transfer using USB drive or movable hard disk.FTP ServerFile transfer protocol server is one of the oldest of the Internet service. It provides security and transfer control in transferring files.Web ServerProvide web access and web storage to the users on the network.Application ServerApplication server acts as a middleware of the back-end application of the network and the front-end user. It allows users access the applications which stored in the database.Prin t ServerPrint server allows users in a network to share printers. User can use any printer in the network to print files instead of connecting every computer with a printer. This will reduce the cost to buy printers.Database ServerDatabase server is a server that stores database for a company in a server. Database servers do job such as analyzing data, data storage, data manipulation and etc.Email ServerEmail server responsible in receiving emails from the network and send out the email to the receivers in another network. Email servers use SMTP (Simple Main Transfer Protocol) and POP3 (Post Office Protocol) when sending and receiving email.ProtocolsThere are 5 protocols that I choose to apply in the networkHTTPHypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is a protocol that used in accessing data in the Internet. It transfers information such as image, hypertext, audio, video and etc. It used the service of TCP to transfer information. HTTP is used in the application layer of the OSI model.DH CPDynamic legion control protocol is a protocol that will auto assigning dynamic IP address to the machines on the network. When a computer connects to the network, it will send a request to the DHCP Server and ask for IP assigning. Then the server will send an offer to the machine then the machine will get into the IP. The machine is then connected to the network.IPInternet Protocol is the most common protocol that used in the Internet. It is used in the network layer in the OSI model. Its job is to send data from one computer to another. Data are broken into packet and every packet contains a header and its own information.TCPTCP is a protocol that allows two hosts to make a connection and transferring data. It also guarantees the transfer of data packets and make sure they arrived at destination in the same order like they were sent out. It is in the transport layer of the OSI model.ICMPInternet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a protocol that used to test the response of dest ination.LAN DiagramWAN DiagramFloor PlanGround FloorThe departments that located in the ground floor are the Human Resource Department and the Sales and Marketing Department. The human resource department has 4 workers whereas the sales and marketing department has 6 workers. There are two printers in this floor.First floorFirst FloorThe CEO and secretary room is located at the 1st floor. The server room of the network also located at the 1st floor. There are two other departments in this floor which are Operation Department and Financial Department. Each of the departments has six workers. There are two printers in this floor.Second FloorAt the second floor, there are customer service department and IT department. node service department has 3 workers and IT Department has 6 workers.LimitationSecurityAlthough the network has a firewall to prevent network attack from hackers, it is still not good enough to fully blocking hackers from attacking the network. Therefore, the security o f the network sPerformancePerformance of this network will be affected by the switches in the star topology. If the switches failed, the department will be affected. The performance of the network also will be affected by the backbone of the bus.Gantt chart